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Buzz Aldrin: We Need More Handshakes in Space

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Ideas
Dr. Buzz Aldrin served as lunar module pilot for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission. He is the author of eight books, including his New York Times best selling autobiography Magnificent Desolation. His newest book, Mission to Mars: My Vision for Space Exploration, was published in 2013. As one of the leading space exploration advocates, Buzz continues to chart a course for future space travel. He is an unpaid advisory board member for XCOR Space Expeditions.

In addition to reaching distant Pluto, there was another significant celestial event this week. It was an anniversary that needs to be remembered, not only for its historical importance but also for its significance as a model for collaboration in space in the 21st century. Forty years ago, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project signaled the first international human spaceflight—a by-product of mutual trust between the U.S. and the then-Soviet Union and a blend of technological wherewithal, and, of course, sky-high politics.

On July 17, 1975, a NASA Apollo spacecraft carrying three astronauts linked up with a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft and its two-person cosmonaut crew. After the famous “handshake in space,” the Soviet cosmonauts and U.S. astronauts worked on joint experiments. From a technical standpoint, that history-making mission sharpened engineering expertise on both sides, making possible following joint space flights, specifically the Space Shuttle–Mir Program and today’s International Space Station.

That nine-day Apollo-Soyuz mission was a game-changer, bringing together two adversaries during the Cold War and the often-called “Space Race.” The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was, in my view, left in the lunar dust when Neil Armstrong and I firmly planted our boots years earlier on the time-weathered Moon. Our “one small step” translated into a U.S. victory at the lunar goal line. Nevertheless, our nation’s space program represented then—and more so today—a tool to forge international partnerships not only in Earth orbit … but also beyond.

See Photos From the Historic Apollo-Soyuz Mission

This artist's concept illustrates the Apollo-type spacecraft about to dock with a Soviet Soyuz-type spacecraft (right).
This artist's concept illustrates the Apollo-type spacecraft about to dock with a Soviet Soyuz-type spacecraft (right).NASA
President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin sign an agreement in May of 1972 that paved the way for the Apollo–Soyuz mission.
President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin sign an agreement in May of 1972 that paved the way for the Apollo–Soyuz mission.NASA
The U.S.-USSR crew for the 1975 Apollo Soyuz Test Project mission: astronaut Tom Stafford (standing on left), commander of the American crew; cosmonaut Alexei Leonov (standing on right), commander of the Soviet crew; astronaut Donald Slayton (seated on left), docking module pilot of the American crew; astronaut Vance Brand (seated in center), command module pilot of the American crew; and cosmonaut Valeriy Kubasov (seated on right), engineer on the Soviet crew.
The U.S.-USSR crew for the 1975 Apollo Soyuz Test Project mission: astronaut Tom Stafford (standing on left), commander of the American crew; cosmonaut Alexei Leonov (standing on right), commander of the Soviet crew; astronaut Donald Slayton (seated on left), docking module pilot of the American crew; astronaut Vance Brand (seated in center), command module pilot of the American crew; and cosmonaut Valeriy Kubasov (seated on right), engineer on the Soviet crew.NASA
The Soviet Soyuz launch vehicle leaves from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
The Soviet Soyuz launch vehicle leaves from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.Roscosmos
The Saturn IB launch vehicle lifts the American crew into orbit on July 15, 1975.
The Saturn IB launch vehicle lifts the American crew into orbit on July 15, 1975.NASA
Activity inside Mission Control in Houston during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project docking mission.
Activity inside Mission Control in Houston during the Apollo Soyuz Test Project docking mission. NASA
American astronauts Tom Stafford and Deke Slayton hold tubes of vodka given to them by Russian cosmonauts during their historic rendezvous and linkup of Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft.
American astronauts Tom Stafford and Deke Slayton hold tubes of vodka given to them by Russian cosmonauts during their historic rendezvous and linkup of Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft.NASA
The American Apollo spacecraft as seen in Earth orbit from the Soviet Soyuz 19 spacecraft during the joint U.S.-USSR Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission.
The American Apollo spacecraft as seen in Earth orbit from the Soviet Soyuz 19 spacecraft during the joint U.S.-USSR Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission.Roscosmos
The Soviet Soyuz spacecraft approaches the Apollo for linkup in space, the first rendezvous and docking of vessels from different nations.
The Soviet Soyuz spacecraft approaches the Apollo for linkup in space, the first rendezvous and docking of vessels from different nations.NASA—NASA
Astronaut Tom Stafford (in foreground) and cosmonaut Alexei Leonov make their historic handshake in space on July 17, 1975.
Astronaut Tom Stafford (in foreground) and cosmonaut Alexei Leonov make their historic handshake in space on July 17, 1975.NASA
President Gerald R. Ford watches crewmen Tom Stafford, Donald Slayton and Valeriy Kubasov on a television as he talks to them by phone while they orbited the Earth on July 18, 1975. The American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft were docked.
President Gerald R. Ford watches crewmen Tom Stafford, Donald Slayton and Valeriy Kubasov on a television as he talks to them by phone while they orbited the Earth on July 18, 1975. The American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft were docked.The White House
American astronaut Deke Slayton and Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov during the US-Soviet Apollo-Soyuz linkup.
American astronaut Deke Slayton and Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov during the US-Soviet Apollo-Soyuz linkup.NASA

One such partnership could be with China, a country that is ramping up its prowess in human and robotic space exploration. I’ve personally met with Chinese astronauts, and in my conversations with them, it’s clear that they have an agenda to use their own space facilities in Earth orbit to explore the Moon with robots and humans, and dispatch spacecraft to Mars.

I was heartened to see recent movement in opening up U.S.-China discussion on a number of space-related matters. In June, Secretary of State John Kerry took active part in the seventh round of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Washington, D.C. American and Chinese officials addressed a set of important bilateral, regional, and global issues.

More than 70 important outcomes resulted from the dialogue. Among the topics were space security, satellite collision avoidance, weather monitoring, climate research, and establishing regular civil space cooperation consultations. To that last point, the U.S. and China decided to establish regular bilateral government-to-government consultations on civil space cooperation. The first U.S.-China Civil Space Cooperation Dialogue is to take place in China before the end of October.

This is an important, perhaps seminal, window of opportunity. As I’ve written in TIME, I encourage movement toward an invite to have Chinese space travelers visit the International Space Station, and I envision American astronauts and commercial space firms sojourning to Chinese laboratories in Earth orbit. Not only would such agreements help bolster U.S. leadership in space, but it would also set in motion the prospect of other joint space initiatives at the Moon and other destinations, above all, the planet Mars.

So let’s look back and build upon Apollo-Soyuz, a signature element of space cooperation that demonstrated a dramatic shift in U.S. policy from competition to détente. Apollo-Soyuz signaled a dramatic shift in space activities and the recognition that space was a finite and sensitive environment in which the activities of one nation could potentially destroy the ability of all nations to utilize space for peaceful purposes. Cooperation with China could lead to a similar realization by the many new entrants to the community of space-faring nations.

It is my conviction that the real objective of cooperation with China should be working together to settle Mars. Both nations, and other countries, need to learn together and sharpen their space skills to advance such a great collaborative adventure. Doing so would build upon the legacy of Apollo-Soyuz, a history-making mission that set in motion the optimistic and promising quest to explore space for all humankind.

Buzz Aldrin, best known for his Apollo 11 moonwalk, holds a doctoral degree in astronautics and continues to wield influence as an international advocate of space science and planetary exploration. Aldrin and co-author, Leonard David, wrote Mission to Mars – My Vision for Space Exploration, published in 2013 by the National Geographic Society. Aldrin’s new children’s book, Welcome to Mars: Making a Home on the Red Planet, co-authored with Marianne Dyson, is available in September.

Time is following the yearlong mission between American astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko, who are 111 days into a yearlong mission aboard the international space station. Click here to watch the series, or watch Episode 1, “Leaving Home,” below.

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