No Child Left Behind requires students to be tested annually to determine their reading and math skills, but leaves the task of creating assessments to the states. One way of determining the rigor of state exams is to compare them to standardized tests given nationally. The result, critics say, is that some states make their tests easier so it appears their students are doing well. Reading is tested in the fourth grade and math is tested in the eighth grade.

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TIME graphic by Feilding Cage
Jackson Dykman contributed reporting for this graphic
SOURCES:The Education Trust, Colorado Department of Education