$3.50 Price per head paid for a steer in Texas in 1871

$35.00 Price per head at the railhead leading east in Abilene, Kansas

2 million Texas longhorn cattle driven north toward Abilene on the Chisholm Trail between 1867 and 1876

60 million Estimated number of bison in North America in 1820s

3 million Bison killed per year by professional hunters between 1872 and 1874

500 Bison in North America in 1885

"All we wanted was peace and to be left alone. Soldiers were sent out in the winter, who destroyed our villages. Then Long Hair [Custer] came in the same way. They say we massacred him, but he would have done the same thing to us had we not defended ourselves and fought to the last."
-Crazy Horse, Sioux leader, just before his death in 1877

"Your people make big talk, and sometimes make war, if an Indian kills a white man's ox to keep his wife and children from starving. What do you think my people ought to say when they see their buffalo killed by your race when you are not hungry?"
-Cheyenne Chief, late 1860

10 hours. Maximum factory workday adopted in 1879 landmark legislation in Massachusetts.

1/2 Portion of school days spent in oral recitation by students of memorized material in American schools.