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Europe Then & Now, a TIME photographic exhibition based on this issue, opens Aug. 18, 2003, in the Olivier Exhibition Foyer of the National Theatre, London.
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 zimmerstrasse Thousands of refugees fled East Germany into West Berlin. On Aug. 13 the communist regime announced that “effective controls” were being established and soon construction began on a wall. Now all that’s left is a line of bricks buried in the roadway indicating where the Wall once stood. No-man’s-land has been replaced by high-rise buildings, giving Berlin a new skyline — James Graff
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Time Capsule
Seldom in history have blocks and mortar been so malevolently employed or so richly hated in return. One year old this month, the Wall of Shame, as it is often called, cleaves Berlin’s war-scarred face like an unhealed wound; its hideousness offends the eye as its inhumanity hurts the heart. For [43 km] it coils through the city, amputating proud squares and busy thoroughfares, marching insolently across graveyards and gardens, dividing families and friends, transforming whole streetfronts into bricked-up blankness. “The Wall,” muses a Berlin policeman, “is not just sad. It is not just ridiculous. It is schizophrenic.”
— Aug. 31, 1962
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