The spirit of revolution, whose modern roots were struck in France nearly two centuries ago, reappeared with a vengeance last week and shook the Fifth Republic of Charles de Gaulle. It began with rebellious students, but it spread with ominous speed through the ranks of France's workers, creating a tempestuous alliance that has often had explosive consequences in the past. The convulsion was part carnival, part anarchist spree, increasingly spurred on by communists-but, more than anything, it was a spontaneous spark of national temper, a response to the pent-up suppressions and frustrations created by 10 years of orderly Gaullism.