A Quick Fix for America's Worst Schools

"Ba-Boom!" Leroy Hayes describes sitting in his seventh-grade English class at Philadelphia's Shoemaker Middle School when he heard the explosion. It was startling but not necessarily surprising, he says. Crazy stuff happened all the time at Shoemaker. Once, he recalls, a student urinated into a soda bottle during class and threw it in a math instructor's face. Crazy stuff. After hearing the big explosion, Hayes and his friends rushed out of the room and discovered that someone had set off fireworks in the corridor. "The school was in chaos," the 11th-grader remembers of the 2005 incident. "People were laughing and screaming and saying, 'Do another one, do another!' It was out of hand. But," he adds, in a succinct assessment of the crisis in U.S. public education today, "it's not like we were learning anything in class anyway."

In 2006, Shoemaker was considered one of Philadelphia's most troubled schools. Fewer than a third of its eighth-graders exhibited proficiency on the state math exam. Fewer than half were proficient in reading. Violence was common, and students had full run of the hallways. Most of the bulletin boards had been torched, and the principal's office had metal bars on the windows. One teacher says even the UPS guy was hesitant to go inside. (See pictures of the college dorm's evolution.)

Three years later, students walk through Shoemaker's halls quietly in single-file lines, the school's walls are graffiti-free, test scores have increased dramatically, and packages are presumably being delivered on time. If this sounds like an entirely different school, that's because it basically is. In fall 2006, the School District of Philadelphia gave the building over to Mastery, a local operator of charter schools — that is, ones that are publicly funded but privately managed. The adults left, the kids remained, and the once failing school has been turned around.

We've known for a long time that there are too many bad schools in the U.S., dropout factories that shove barely literate children through the system. Because of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) — the George W. Bush — era education law that forces every school to report whether it makes "adequate yearly progress" toward nationwide math- and reading-proficiency standards — we can now point to exactly which schools are the lowest performing and the least improving. With that information in hand, the question becomes, Well, what do we do about it? (See TIME's special report on paying for college.)

The Obama Administration has a plan: take the 5,000 worst schools in the U.S. and give them more than $4 billion over three years to get a lot better — fast. It's the emphasis on speed that makes this endeavor something new. The government has thrown big money at education for decades, with very little to show for it. Even under NCLB, most of the failing schools that were forced to make changes did the bare minimum required by federal mandates.

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See pictures of eighth-graders being recruited for college basketball.