Medicine: Nobel Prizes, 1943, 1944
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They found that the various strands in a bundle of nerves, like the wires in a telephone cable, differ in the impulses they transmit; that individual nerve cells are "like tubular electrical condensers"; that the impulses of pain depend on the tiniest nerve strands.
This work is the basis of the well known brain wave machines which detect certain kinds of brain damage, including epilepsy. The recording method is also used to measure the recovery of nerves damaged by wounds or operations.
* The last Nobel peace prize was given in 1938, to the Nansen International Office for Refugees in Geneva.
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