The Case Against I.P.R.

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Carter's right-hand man in the I.P.R. hierarchy was Millionaire Frederick Vanderbilt Field. Field joined the staff in 1928, just a year out of Harvard, later became secretary of the American Council and (at the same time that he was organizing the Commie-front American Peace Mobilization) an I.P.R. trustee. When Field was called before the Senate committee, he wryly listed his occupation as "prisoner" because he was under arrest for contempt of court (in the bail-jumping case of the four top U.S. Communist leaders—TIME, July 16). He bantered affably with Pat McCarran and refused, on the ground of possible selfincrimination, to say whether he was a Communist or had written for Communist publications. Ex-Communist Whittaker Chambers took the stand to testify that Field was a member of the Communist underground in 1937. Louis Budenz, onetime Daily Worker managing editor, described Field as the transmission link between the American Politburo and the I.P.R.

Inner Sanctum. Joseph Barnes, who was executive secretary of I.P.R.'s American Council in 1934, was called a Communist by four witnesses. Chambers said that in 1937, his Communist-underground boss, J. Peters, was worried—like any executive—over personal bad feeling between Barnes and Freddie Field. (In 1936, Barnes married Field's ex-wife.) After leaving I.P.R., Barnes became Moscow correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune, foreign editor of the same paper and later, editor of the Marxoid New York Star.

In 1936, Budenz testified, Barnes was one of "a few" newsmen admitted to the inner sanctum of the Communist Party convention. (Barnes, now an editor with the publishing house of Simon & Schuster, denied all implications that he was under Communist influence.) Ex-Soviet General Alexander Barmine, an officer in Russia's prewar G-2 and now head of the Voice of America's Russian-language broadcasts, testified that Red intelligence regarded Barnes and Owen Lattimore as"our men."

Lattimore was the I.P.R. voice best known to the public. As editor of the I.P.R.'s Pacific Affairs (1934-41) and a prolific author in his own right, he guided the I.P.R. line on China. Budenz testified that Lattimore worked under Communist Party direction, and "his great value lay in the fact that he could bring the emphasis in support of Soviet policy in non-Soviet language." Morris flourished Lattimore's letter of 1938 congratulating Carter on the men he had selected to conduct an I.P.R. survey of Chinese and Japanese affairs (TIME, Aug. 6). Wrote Lattimore: "They will bring out the absolutely essential radical aspects but can be depended on to do it with the right touch."

Lattimore also suggested to Carter that the survey back Russian "international policy in general, but without using their slogans and above all, without giving them or anybody else an impression of 'subservience.'" Budenz inspected the letter, called it a "splendid example" of what he was talking about.