Surgery: Practice Makes Perfect

If I miss a day of practice, I can tell

a difference in my technique. If I miss

two days, my wife can also note it. If

I miss a week, even the public can tell.

—Ignace Jan Paderewski

The effects of practice and lack of practice are equally apparent among surgeons who operate inside the human heart, say Dr. Ben Eiseman and Dr. Frank C. Spencer of the University of Kentucky. In routine operations standardized by tradition, they say in Circulation (published by the American Heart Association), there is a "ritual of technique" so...