Words with Spike Lee

Q. Why was making this movie so important to you?

A. Well, Malcolm is very important to me, and the reality is that young people -- not just black but white kids also -- don't read anymore. They get their information from movies, television, radio. So this is going to be a history lesson. This is going to open up the history book.

Q. Malcolm is revered by many young African Americans. Why is that?

A. I think that Ossie Davis put it best when he said, "Malcolm is our shining black prince, our black manhood." There's a void in that right now among young black males. And, you know, Malcolm's a great model. Public Enemy and KRS-One and Boogie Down Productions were not sampling "I Have a Dream" in their songs, you know. It was Malcolm X.

Q. Does it bother you that many of these young people revere Malcolm's militancy but know so little about his own reverence for education?

A. Yes. I think that it really just comes down to people having a very limited view of Malcolm, and not understanding that the man evolved, was constantly evolving, even at the time of the assassination. You know that line, "by any means necessary"? That way of thinking was not the complete Malcolm X. If young black men really want to pay a tribute to Malcolm X, they should look at themselves in the mirror and talk about their education and put more emphasis on it.

Q. If you agree that education is important, then why did you say kids should skip school to see your movie?

A. I don't think that it's such a radical idea. In fourth grade I had to go see Gone With the Wind for a class trip and then write a report on the history of the Civil War according to that film. Many people have come up to me and said, "Spike, I was taking the day off anyway, even before you said that." And they're going to go. I think there'll be black families in droves. That was our intent. That's why the film is rated PG-13. I've never made a PG-13 film before, ever. We did not want to give parents nor schoolteachers nor educational systems an excuse why this film cannot be used as a class trip, or why it could not be a part of their curriculum.

Q. What do you think is Malcolm's primary legacy?

A. The main reason Malcolm X told his story to Alex Haley was to put his life up there as an example for African Americans -- or anybody, really -- that you could change your life around if you really apply yourself. He says, "Look, people, I was a criminal. I peddled grass, I was a steerer, I was a criminal, I snorted cocaine. I got so depraved that even in prison I was called Satan." But he turned it around.

Q. Why did you feel so strongly about having a black director do the picture?

A. White directors wouldn't have thought of putting the Rodney King footage in the movie, or of the American flag burning to the X, or even of using Nelson Mandela. Richard Attenborough did a movie called Cry Freedom that was supposed to be about Stephen Biko. But that movie is more about Donald Woods and his family trying to get out of South Africa. So if Attenborough had done this film, the main character would have been a sympathetic white reporter and nothing about Malcolm X.

Q. But didn't Attenborough do a sympathetic portrayal of Gandhi?