In her book "Sea Change" and before legislators and others in
power, she argues that the ocean gives us a 4 billion-year-old
legacy--the living history of the world--and that we are blithely
squandering our inheritance by way of pollution and overfishing.
What is more: there is so much left to see in the oceans. The few
existing manned submersibles can reach only half their depth. The
benthic, or bottom-dwelling, plants and animals represent the
least-known ecosystem on the planet. Earle feels personal
responsibility for the ocean's future and safety. She takes fish
personally. She once bumped into "a grouper with an attitude."
All this she discloses as we drive the ledge of the coastal
highway, the road chipped into the mountains by convicts in the
1930s. She gives me wrong driving directions time and time again.
I begin to understand why she spends so much of her life avoiding
land.
What I am able to see on this chunk of the Pacific is a minute
fraction of what there is to see. At Point Lobos in Carmel, the
mist creates false mountains over the water. The waves are humped
like porpoises. Kelp, giant forests of seaweed by which Darwin
was enthralled, shows only at the top. These plants, which can
grow at a rate of 20 in. a day, reach down 100 ft. to granite
reefs. The kelp is tethered by stipes-stems, structures that
connect the base, or holdfast, to the leaflike blades. Gas-filled
floats at the base of the blades keep the fronds standing
upright.
Surrounding the kelp is a dense and delicate garden of tentacled
plants that sway in unison, like backup singers. Pink, orange,
rose, green, lavender. Plants with Einstein's hair, plants with
Don King's and Phyllis Diller's--all kept graceful by the water.
The garden is vertical as well as horizontal. On its floor sea
stars crawl on their bellies like fat recruits in basic training.
Above them swim the gulping bells of the jellies. In the
intertidal zone limpets and other mollusks graze on algae in the
rocks. Cancer crabs attack hermit crabs. An anemone divides to
reproduce and becomes its own sibling. On the surface the kelp
flattens into canopies, 3 ft. thick, that weaken the waves and
provide otters with hammocks, where they snooze and eat.
Otters! Is there anything in nature so ridiculously content? Not
enough that they wear leather sleeves; they are their own dining
rooms. From the shore I watch a few of them do the backstroke
while cracking clams open on their chests. They wrap themselves
in leaves so as not to drift away while sleeping. First Russians,
then Americans killed them for their fur, and they became almost
extinct by the early 1900s. Declared endangered, they now number
more than 2,000 along California's central coast. Earle tells me
she once saw an otter opening clams with a Coke bottle.
On the swampy inlet of Elkhorn Slough, we putter about with
Andrew De Vogelaere from the National Marine Sanctuary in
Monterey. The wetland is home to lingcod, halibut and surfperch,
a plate-shaped fish that looks like its own fossil. Clams hide in
the algae, using a muscular "foot" for digging, and sticking
their siphon "necks" out to the world overhead. Mud-flat crabs
scuttle across the shoreline. In deeper water, anchovies swim in
schools like clouds of silver. All live in the tense company of
thousands of birds--avocets, curlews, Caspian terns, plover, brown
pelicans, herons, sandpipers, killdeer. Dowitchers use their
beaks to tweeze snails out of the mud. Otters are in otter
heaven. One catches me admiring as it munches on a clam and
registers its absurd annoyance before diving away.
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