
As chairman of the Senate Banking Committee from 1995 through 2000, Gramm was Washington's most prominent and outspoken champion of financial deregulation. He played a leading role in writing and pushing through Congress the 1999 repeal of the Depression-era Glass-Steagall Act, which separated commercial banks from Wall Street. He also inserted a key provision into the 2000 Commodity Futures Modernization Act that exempted over-the-counter derivatives like credit-default swaps from regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Credit-default swaps took down AIG, which has cost the U.S. $150 billion thus far.
See the top 10 scared traders.
View the full list for "25 People to Blame for the Financial Crisis"A look at the world as it deals with a global financial crisis
Related: London's Gathering Storm
After 13 years of post-war growth, the U.S. economy hit its first economic downturn since the Depression
Related: The Stock Market Crash of 1929