TIME Special Report: The World at 7 Billion

This month, the 7 billionth person will be born on a planet already strapped for resources. To mark this extraordinary milestone, TIME explores the most pressing population issues of the day, from the quest for sustainable energy sources to a look at what our biggest cities could look like in the decades to come

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1. Tokyo

toyko

Kazuhiro Nogi / AFP / Getty Images

Current population: 32.5 million

You know what's big in Japan? Tokyo. The 32.5 million–strong metropolitan area is the thriving heart of the country and the most populous urban area in the world. Although Japan's overall birthrate is dropping and Tokyo's population peaked in 2004, people from across Japan still flock to the capital in search of good jobs. Every day, 2 million souls commute in and out of the metropolitan area on a vast network of always-on-time trains. The March 11 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crisis in northeastern Japan scared some Tokyo residents away, but the exodus of 4,000 barely made a dent in the population of this high-density city.

See 10 things to do in Tokyo.